EM Spectrum and Analytical Chemistry
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Spectroscopy
EM Radiation in chemistry
The EM Spectrum
The EM spectrum explainedSpectral range and electron transitions
Radiation
TypeRadiation Source Frequency Range (Hz) Wavelength Range Type of Transitions gamma rays 1020 - 1024 <10-12 m nuclear X-rays 1017 - 1020 0.01nm - 10nm (1 pico meter) inner electron ultraviolet deuterium lamp 1015 - 1017 400 nm - 1 nm outer electron. Electronic transitions, vibrational fine structure visible Tungsten lamp 4 - 7.5 x 1014 750 nm - 400 nm near-infrared Tungsten, dye laser 1 x 1014 - 4 x 1014 2500 nm - 750 nm (2.5 um - 750 nm) outer electron molecular vibrations. Vibrational transitions, rotational fine structure infrared nerst glower, globar, Xe,Ar, discharge lamp 1013 - 1014 250,000 - 2,500 nm (25um - 2.5 um) outer electron, molecular vibrations. Vibrational transitions, rotational fine structure microwaves 3 x 1011 - 1013 250,000 - 1,000,000,000 nm (1 mm - 25 um) molecular rotations,electron spin flips*, Rotational transitions radio waves <3 x 1011 >1 mm nuclear spin flips* * energy levels split by a magnetic field.
The Colors of Visible Radiation ¹
Wavelength Range nm Color seen by Instrument
Absorption colorColor seen by Human Eye
Complement color400 - 465 Violet Yellowish green 465 - 482 Blue Yellow 482 - 487 Greenish blue Orange 487 - 493 Blue green Red orange 493 - 498 Bluish green Red 498 - 530 Green Red purple 530 - 559 Yellowish green Reddish purple 559 - 571 Yellow green Purple 571 - 576 Greenish yellow Violet 576 - 580 Yellow Blue 580 - 587 Yellowish orange Blue 587 - 597 Orange Greenish blue 597 - 617 Reddish orange Blue green 617 - 780 Red Blue green
Reference:
1. "Analytical Absorption Spectroscopy", D.B. Judd; M.G. Melon (Ed.)
Chap. 9, Wiley, New York, 1950.
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Signature: Dhanlal De Lloyd, Chem. Dept, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine campus
The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
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