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COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL USE OF CARCINOGENS
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More info:
List of known carcinogens
Carcinogens used in industry and commerce
Source:
The Mc Nally Institute
1986 S. Belcher Rd. Clearwater, Florida 33764
Phone 727 535 6450 Fax 727 535 8150
Known carcinogens are defined as "those substances for which the evidence from human studies indicates that there is a casual relationship between the exposure to the substance and human cancer."
Some beneficial products from the commercial use of each of the carcinogens are shown.
4-Aminobiphenyl...... No commercial use in the United States. Was used as a rubber antioxidant and as a reagent for detecting sulfates.
Analgesic mixtures containing Phenacetin...... Prescription and over the counter drugs.
Arsenic and certain Arsenic compounds...... Pesticides, wood preservatives, alloying additive, glass and nonferrous alloys.
Asbestos...... Insulation, gasketing, packing, coatings, plastics, textiles, friction materials.
Azathioprine...... Medical use.
Benzene ... Solvent, gasoline additive.
Benzidine ..... Dyes in textile and paper
Bis(chloromethyl)ether and technical grade Chloromethyl Methyl Ether ..... Synthesis of plastic and ion exchanger resins
1,4-Butanediol Dimethylsulfonate (Myleran) ..... Medical use.
Chlorambucil ..... Medical use.
Chromium and certain Chromium compounds ..... Stainless steel, pigment, medical, plating, wood treatment, paint.
Conjugated Estrogens ..... Medical uses.
Cyclophosphamide ..... Medical uses.
Diethylstilbestrol ..... Medical uses.
Melphalan ..... Medical uses.
Methoxsalen with Ultra-violet A Therapy (PUVA) ..... Medical uses.
Mustard Gas ..... Biological studies, weapons.
2-Naphthylamine ..... Dyes, rubber, used only for research purposes.
Thorium Dioxide ..... Nuclear, flame spraying, welding electrodes, high temperature ceramics.
Vinyl Chloride ..... Plastics, wrapping film, phonograph records, credit cards, floor tiles.
In addition to the above chemicals there are substances which may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogens.
Defined as "those for which there is a limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals".
2-Acetylaminofluorene ..... Medical uses.
Acrylonitrile ..... Synthetic fibers resins, plastics, elastomers .
Adriamycin ..... Medical uses.
Aflatoxins ..... Research.
2-Aminoanthraquinone ..... Dyes, paints plastics, rubber, printing inks.
o-Aminoazotoluene ..... Pigments, coloring oils, wax polishes.
1-Amino-2-methyllanthraquinine ..... Dye for synthetic fibers as well as animal furs.
Amitrole ..... Herbicide, now limited to non-crop applications.
o-Anisidine Hydrochloride ..... Dyes.
Benzotrichloride ..... Plastics, dyes and pigments.
Beryllium and certain Beryllium compounds ..... Alloys for aerospace applications, ceramic additive to glass and plastic.
Bischloroethyl Nitrousourea ..... Medical uses
1,3-Butadiene ..... Synthetic rubber, tires, nylon carpet backing, latex adhesives.
Cadmium and certain Cadmium compounds ..... Coating and plating.
Carbon Tetrachloride ..... Production of Freon 11 & 12, degreasing, plastic and resin production.
Chlorendic Acid ... Flame retardant, foams.
Chlorinated Parraffins (C12, 60% Chlorine) ..... Lubricant additive, flame retardant, rubber production
1-(2-Chloroethy)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) ... Medical uses.
Chloroform ..... Production of fluorocarbon, refrigerant, heat transfer medium in fire extinguishers.
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene ..... Fumigant, textile additive, plastics.
4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine ..... Hair dye, photographic chemicals.
C.I. Basic Red 9 Monohydrochloride ..... Dye for textiles, leather printing inks, china clay.
p-Cresidine ..... Dyes.
Cupferron ..... A reagent to separate tin from zinc and copper and iron from other metals.
Dacarbazine ... Medical uses.
DDT ..... Insecticide. In the US. it used only under Public Health Service supervision.
2,4-Diaminoanisole Sulfate ..... Fur, acrylic fiber, polyester, wool , cotton and hair dye.
2,4Diaminotoluene ..... Polyurethane, dye.
1,2-Dibromo-3-ch loropropane ..... Soil fumigant.
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) ..... Gasoline antiknock additive, pesticide.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene ..... Space deodorant (toilets, rooms) germicide.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine and 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Dithydrochloride ..... Pigments.
1,2-Dichlorethane ..... Component of leaded fuel, production of vinyl chloride.
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) ..... Solvent in paint removers, manufacture of vitamins, degreasing agent.
1,3-Dichloropropene (Technical Grade) ..... Pesticides.
Diepoxybutane ..... Curing agent for polymers.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ..... Used to make poly vinyl chloride.
Diethyl Sulfate ..... Surfactants, dyes, agricultural chemicals.
Diglycidyl Resorcinol Ether ..... Liquid epoxy resin.
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine ..... Production of azo dyes.
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene ..... To color polishes and other wax products.
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine ..... Dye, chlorine test kits.
Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride ..... Dyes, pesticide.
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine ..... Propellant for liquid fuel rockets.
Dimethyl Sulfate ..... Used to manufacture other chemicals.
Dimethylvinyl Chloride ..... Organic synthesis.
1,4-Dioxane ..... Stabilizer in chlorinated solvents.
Direct Black 38 ..... Dye.
Direct Blue 6 ..... Dye.
Epichlorohydrin ..... Epoxy resins.
Estrogens (Not Conjugated): Estradiol-17ß ..... Medical uses.
Estrogens (Not Conjugated): Estrone ..... Medical uses.
Estrogens (Not Conjugated): Ethinylestradiol ..... Medical uses.
Estrogens (Not Conjugated): Mestranol ..... Medical uses.
Ethyl Acrylate ..... Paper coatings, emulsion based polymers.
Ethylene Oxide ..... Manufacture of ethylene glycol and polyester.
Ethylene Thiourea .... Rubber, O-rings, electroplating.
Formaldehyde (Gas) ..... Adhesives, chemical production, Medical uses.
Hexachlorobenzene ..... Pesticide.
Hexamethylphossphoramide ..... Solvent for polymers, de-icing additive for jet fuels.
Hydrazine and Hydrazine Sulfate ..... Agricultural chemicals, rocket fuel, oxygen scavenger in boiler feed water.
Hydrazobenzene ..... Dye, additive to motor oil.
Iron Dextran Complex ..... Medical uses.
Kepone® (Chlordecone) ..... Insecticide, no longer used in the US.
Lead Acetate and Lead Phosphate ..... Drier in paints and varnish, colorant in hair dyes.
Lindane and other Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers ..... Insecticidal treatment for wood, grain and live stock.
2-Methylaziridine (Proplyleneimine) ..... Paper, textile, rubber.
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) ..... Curing agent.
4,4'-Methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine ..... Dye.
4,4'-Methylenedianiline and its Dihydrochloride ..... Manufacture of polyisocynates and isocyanates.
Metronidazole ..... Medical uses.
Michler's Ketone ..... Dyes and pigments.
Mirex ..... Pesticide, fire retardant.
Nickel and certain Nickel compounds ..... Stainless and alloy steel.
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ..... Detergent, water treatment.
5-Nitro-o-Anisidine ..... Dye.
Nitofen ..... No present commercial use. Was a herbicide.
Nitrogen Mustard Hydrochloride ..... Medical uses.
2-Nitropropane ..... Solvent, inks, paints polymers.
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine ..... Medical uses.
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine ..... No commercial use.
N-Nitrosodiethylamine ..... Stabilizer in plastics, gasoline and lubricant additive.
N-Nitrosodimethylamine ..... Liquid rocket fuel, solvent.
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine ..... Rubber, dye.
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine ..... No commercial use. Used in cancer research.
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea ..... No commercial use.
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea ..... Medical uses
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine ..... Research chemical.
N-Nitrosomorpholine ..... No commercial use.
N-Nitrosonornicotine ..... Research chemical.
N-Nitrosopiperidine ..... Epoxy resin.
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine ..... No commercial use.
N-Nitrososarcosine .... No commercial use
Norethisterone ..... Medical uses
4,4'-Oxydianiline ..... Production of polyimide and poly(ester)mide resins.
Oxymetholone ..... Medical uses.
Phenacetin ..... Medical uses.
PhenazopyridineHydrochloride .. .. Medical uses.
Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride ..... Medical uses.
Phenytoin ..... Medical uses.
Polybrominated Biphenyls ..... Flame retardant, plastics.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls .... Heat transfer and hydraulic fluids.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbones, 15 listings .... Coal tar, roofing, creosote, asphalt
- Benza(a)anthracene
- Benzo(b)fluoranthene
- Benzo(j)fluoranthene
- Benzo(k)fluoranthene
- Benzo(a)pyrene
- Dibenz(a,h)acridine
- Dibenz(a,j)acridine
- Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
- 7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
- Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
- Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
- Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
- Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
- 5-Methylchrysene
Procarbazine Hydrochloride ..... Medical uses.
Progesterone ..... Medical uses.
1,3-Propane Sultone ..... Detergents lathering agents.
Propiolactone ..... Medical uses.
Propylene Oxide ..... Coatings and adhesives.
Propylthiouracil ..... Medical uses.
Reserpine ..... Medical uses.
Saccharin ..... Sweetening agent.
Safrole ..... Flavoring agent.
Selenium Sulfide ..... Shampoos.
Streptozotocin ..... Medical uses.
Sulfallate ..... Herbicide.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) ..... Research chemical.
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) ..... Dry cleaning and textile production.
Thioacetamide ..... Replacement for hydrogen sulfide in qualitative analysis.
Thiourea ..... Animal glue.
Toluene Diisocyanate ..... Polyurethane foam.
o-Toluidine and o-Toluidine Hydrochloride ..... Dyes and pigments.
Toxaphene ..... Insecticide.
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol ..... Wood preservative, anti mildew.
Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine Sulfide ..... Medical uses.
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate ..... No longer used in the US. Was a flame retardant.
Urethane ..... No commercial use because of its toxicity
Occupational exposures associated with a technical process that are known to be carcinogenic
- Coke oven emissions
- Soots, tars and mineral oils
Delisted Chemicals
- Aramite® ..... No US. residents exposed.
- N,N-Bis(2-chloroethy)-2-naphthylamine (Chlornaphazine) ..... No US. residents exposed.
- Cycasin ..... No US. residents exposed.
- Methyl Iodine ..... Re-evaluated by IARC. Now considered to be in group 2: no evidence for humans, limited evidence for animals.
Source:
The Mc Nally Institute
1986 S. Belcher Rd. Clearwater, Florida 33764
Phone 727 535 6450 Fax 727 535 8150
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