Info on how much concentrated acid or base is required to make up 1 liter of 1M dilute acid or base.
A Table showing the no. of mls, percentage, SG, and Molarity of the acids is given.
Quantities used are approximate and acceptable for practical qualitative analysis.
Reagents tend to be hygroscopic or volatile.
Acids | Molarity | Percent | S.G. | To make 1M soln |
Acetic acid MW=60.05 |
17.4M | 99% | 1.05 | 58 mls / liter |
HCl MW=36.46 |
11.6M | 36% | 1.18 | Use 86 mls / lliter |
Nitric acid MW=63.01 |
16.4M | 69% | 1.42 | 61 mls / liter |
H2SO4 MW=98.07 |
17.6M 36N |
95% | 1.84 | 56 mls / liter(1M) 28 mls / liter (1N) |
Ammonia soln MW=35.05 |
14.5M | 28% | 0.88 | 69 mls / liter (1M) Use 71 mls / liter (1M) |
Hydrobromic acid | 9 N | 48% | 1.49 | 111 mls /liter (1M) |
Hydrofluoric acid MW=20.01 |
27M | 48% | 1.29 | 37 mls /liter (1M) |
Hydriodic acid | 7M | 57% | 1.70 | 143 mls /liter (1M) |
Perchloric acid MW=100.46 |
11.7M 9.5M |
70% 61% |
1.71 1.66 |
85.5mls /liter (1M) 106 mls /liter (1M) |
Phosphoric acid MW=97.99 |
45N 15M |
88% | 1.69 | 22.5 mls /liter (1N) 68 mls /liter (1M) |
DILUTE ACIDSAcetic Acid Dilute 116 mls.of the concentrated acid to 1 litre of water. (2M) Hydrochloric Acid Dilute 172 mls. of the concentrated acid to 1 litre with water.(2M) Nitric Acid Dilute 122mls. of the concentrated acid to 1 liter with water. (2M) Sulphuric Acid Pour 56 mls.of the concentrated acid slowly and with constant stirring into about 500mls. of water, cool, and dilute to 1 litre. (1M) Sulphurous Acid Prepare a saturated solution of SO2 in water. 6-7% by weght. DILUTE BASESAmmonia solution conc. The commercial product, S.G. 0.88 contains about 28% NH3. (15N) Ammonia solution dilute Dilute 335 ml of the commercial solution to 1 liter (5N) Barium hydroxide Shake 70 gms. of crystalised salt in 1 liter of water. Filter or siphon off the liquid , and protect from CO2 of the air 0.2M Calcium hydroxide Shake 2-3 gms. of calcium hydroxide with 1 liter of water. Filter or siphon off liquid, and protest from CO2 of the air. 0.02M Potassium hydroxide Dissolve 112 gms. of KOH pellets in water , and dilute to 1 liter. (2M) Sodium hydroxide Dissolve 200 gm pellets in water and dilute to 1 liter. (5M) |
Concentrated Reagent | Molarity | Percent | S.G. | To make 1M soln |
Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) MW=35.05 |
14.5M | 28% NH3 | 0.88 | 69.0 mls / liter |
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) MW=40 |
19.4M | 50% | 1.54 | 51.5 mls / lliter |
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) MW=56.12 |
11.7M | 45% | 1.46 | 85.5 mls / liter |